Bid’ah – Evil Consequences
Chapter 1: Bid’ah – Meaning
1. “Al –Bid’ah”
Shaykh ul Islam Ibn Taymiyyah رحمه الله said,
"اَلْبِدْعَةُ فِي الدِّيْنِ: هِيَ مَا لَمْ يَشْرَعْهُ اللهُ وَرَسُوْلُهُ r:
وَهُوَ مَا لَمْ يُأْمَرْ بِهِ أَمَرَ إِيْجَابٍ وَلَا اِسْتِحْبَابٍ"
وَهُوَ مَا لَمْ يُأْمَرْ بِهِ أَمَرَ إِيْجَابٍ وَلَا اِسْتِحْبَابٍ"
“A Bid’ah in religion is that thing which has not been made to be a part of the Shariah by Allah and his Messengerصلى الله عليه وسلم. It is the thing regarding which there is no command about its being compulsory (Waajib) nor recommended (Mustahab).”
[RECORDED IN FATAWA, IBN TAYMIYYAH رحمه الله 4:107-108]
Chapter 2: Why is it wrong to do Bidah?
1. Religion has been completed – there is no need for any further addition to it.
Allah says in the Qur’an in Surah Mai’dah, 5:3[1],
الْيَوْمَ أَكْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِيْنَكُمْ وَأَتْمَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعْمَتِي
وَرَضِيْتُ لَكُمُ الإِسْلاَمَ دِيْنًا
وَرَضِيْتُ لَكُمُ الإِسْلاَمَ دِيْنًا
“This day I have perfected for you your religion and completed My favor upon you and have approved for you Islam as religion.”
Abdullah Bin Masood رضي الله عنه narrated,
اِتَّبِعُوْا وَلَا تَبْتَدِعُوْا فَقَدْ كُفِيْتُمْ
“Follow and do not introduce new things and (what has already come) is enough for you”
[NARRATED BY ABDULLAH BIN MASOOD رضي الله عنه; RECORDED IN AD-DARMI: INTRODUCTION: IN DISLIKNIG OF TAKING OPINION]
2. The Prophet did not conceal anything from the matters of religion.
Aisha رضي الله عنها narrated,
مَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّ رَسُوْلَ اللَّهِ r كَتَمَ شَيْئًا مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ
فَقَدْ أَعْظَمَ عَلَى اللَّهِ الْفِرْيَةَ
وَاللَّهُ يَقُولُ ( يَا أَيُّهَا الرَّسُوْلُ بَلِّغْ مَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْكَ مِنْ رَّبِّكَ
وَإِنْ لَّمْ تَفْعَلْ فَمَا بَلَّغْتَ رِسَالَتَهُ)
فَقَدْ أَعْظَمَ عَلَى اللَّهِ الْفِرْيَةَ
وَاللَّهُ يَقُولُ ( يَا أَيُّهَا الرَّسُوْلُ بَلِّغْ مَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْكَ مِنْ رَّبِّكَ
وَإِنْ لَّمْ تَفْعَلْ فَمَا بَلَّغْتَ رِسَالَتَهُ)
“He who presumes that the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم concealed anything, from the Book, of Allah fabricates the greatest lie against Allah. Allah says: "O Messenger! Deliver that which has been revealed to thee from your Lord, and if you do (it) not, you have not delivered His message" (Surah Mai’dah, 5:67).”
3. The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم is the best ideal (and example to follow)
Allah says in the Qur’an in Surah Al-Ahzaab, 33:21
لَقَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ فِي رَسُوْلِ اللَّهِ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ
“There has certainly been for you in the Messenger of Allah an excellent pattern.”
Allah says in the Qur’an in Surah Al-Hujuraat 49:1
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آَمَنُوا لَا تُقَدِّمُوا بَيْنَ يَدَيِ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ
“O you who have believed, do not put [yourselves] before Allah and His Messenger but fear Allah. Indeed, Allah is Hearing and Knowing.”
4. All Bid’ah are misguidance.
The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم said,
..وَكُلَّ بِدْعَةٍ ضَلَالَةٌ
“And the most evil affairs are innovations and every innovation is misguidance.”
[NARRATED BY JABIR رضي الله عنه; RECORDED IN SAHEEH MUSLIM, MUSNAD AHMED, NASAI, IBN MAJAH, AUTHENTICATED (SAHEEH) BY ALBANI IN SAHEEH AL JAAMI 1353]
People say that there are two type of Bid’ahs – good Bidah and bad Bid’ah. But every Bid’ah is Dalalah (deviation).
عن ابن عمر قال :
كلُّ بِدْعَةٍ ضَلالَةٌ وإِنْ رَآها الناسُ حَسَنَةً
“All innovations are misguidance, even if people consider them to be good”
[RECORDED IN AITIQAAD AHLUS-SUNNAH: No 126]
5. Rasoolullah r made every thing clear
قال r:
لَيْسَ مِنْ عَمَلٍ يُقَرِّبُ إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ إِلاَّ قَدْ أَمَرْتُكُمْ بِهِ
وَلا عَمَلٌ يُقَرِّبُ إِلَى النَّارِ إِلاَّ قَدْ نَهَيْتُكُمْ عَنْهُ
Ibn Masood t that the Messenger of Allah r said,
"There is no action that will take you closer to Jannah, but I have ordered you to do that. And there is no action that will take you closer to the fire of Hell but I have prohibited you from it."'
[RECORDED IN HAAKIM, AUTHENTICATED (SAHEEH LI-GAYRIHI) BY ALBANI IN SAHEEH AT –TARGEEB 1700]
Chapter 3 - What are the Evil consequences of Bid’ah?
1. Bid’ah destroys deeds.
The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم said,
مَنْ عَمِلَ عَمَلًا لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ أَمْرُنَا فَهُوَ رَدٌّ
“Whoever does an action (Amal) which is not according to my command then that action (Amal) is rejected.”
[NARRATED BY AISHA رضي الله عنها, RECORDED IN SAHEEH MUSLIM: 4267, MUSNAD AHMED, AUTHENTICATED (SAHEEH) BY ALBANI IN SAHEEH AL JAAMI 6398]
In another narration it is mentioned that the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم said,
مَنْ أَحْدَثَ فِي أَمْرِنَا هَذَا مَا لَيْسَ مِنْهُ فَهُوَ رَدٌّ
“Whoever innovates in our religion that which is not of it, then that will be rejected.”
[NARRATED BY AISHA رضي الله عنهاSAHIH BUKHARI (BOOK OF PEACEMAKING, CHAPTER ON, “IF SOME PEOPLE ARE, RECONCILED ON ILLEGAL BASIS THEIR RECONCILIATION IS REJECTED”) 3:861, SAHEEH MUSLIM, ABU DAWOOD, IBN MAJAH, SAHEEH AL JAAMI 5970]
2. Bid’ah is the cause of receiving the Curse.
The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم said,
لَعَنَ اللَّهُ مَنْ آوَى مُحْدِثًا
“Allah’s Curse is on the one who accommodates an innovator (in religion).”
[NARRATED BY ALI رضي الله عنه, RECORDED IN SAHEEH MUSLIM: 4878, NASAI, MUSNAD AHMED, AUTHENTICATED (SAHEEH) BY ALBANI IN SAHEEH AL JAAMI 5112]
3. The Bid’ati (Innovator) due to his innovation does not pay attention to repentance.
The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم said:
إنَّ اللهَ اِحْتَجَرَ(و فِي رِوَايَةٍ : اِحْتَجَبَ) التَّوْبَةَ عَلىَ كُلِّ صَاحِبِ بِدْعَةٍ
“Indeed Allah has placed a barrier between the innovator (Bid’ati) and repentance.”
[NARRATED BY ANAS رضي الله عنه, RECORDED BY TABARANI IN AL AWSAT, IBN FEEL, BAIHAQI IN SHOBUL IMAAN, AZ-ZIA’A, AUTHENTICATED (SAHEEH) BY ALBANI IN SAHEEH AL JAAMI : 1699]
Sufyan as-Thawri رحمه اللهsaid,
اَلْبِدْعَةُ أَحَبُّ إِلَى إِبْلِيْسَ مِنْ اَلْمَعْصِيَّةِ؛
فَإِنَّ الْمَعْصِيَّةَ يُتَابُ مِنْهَا وَالْبِدْعَةُ لَا يُتَابُ مِنْهَا
فَإِنَّ الْمَعْصِيَّةَ يُتَابُ مِنْهَا وَالْبِدْعَةُ لَا يُتَابُ مِنْهَا
“Iblees (i.e. Shaytaan) likes innovations (Bid'ah) more than sins. Since a person repentance from sins is accepted while his repentance from Bid’ah is not accepted.”
[RECORDED IN SHARAH -AS- SUNNAH, BY BAGHAWI, 1:216]
4. The Bid’ati (innovator) will be stopped from drinking from the Haudh e Kauthar (the Fount of Abundance) on the Day of Judgement.
The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم said,
أَنَا فَرَطُكُمْ عَلَى الْحَوْضِ
فَمَنْ وَرَدَهُ شَرِبَ مِنْهُ وَمَنْ شَرِبَ مِنْهُ لَمْ يَظْمَأْ بَعْدَهُ أَبَدًا
لَيَرِدُ عَلَيَّ أَقْوَامٌ أَعْرِفُهُمْ وَيَعْرِفُوْنِي ثُمَّ يُحَالُ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَهُمْ
فأَقُوْلُ إِنَّهُمْ مِنِّي فَيُقَالُ إِنَّكَ لَا تَدْرِيْ مَا بَدَّلُوْا بَعْدَكَ
فَأَقُوْلُ سُحْقًا سُحْقًا لِمَنْ بَدَّلَ بَعْدِي
فَمَنْ وَرَدَهُ شَرِبَ مِنْهُ وَمَنْ شَرِبَ مِنْهُ لَمْ يَظْمَأْ بَعْدَهُ أَبَدًا
لَيَرِدُ عَلَيَّ أَقْوَامٌ أَعْرِفُهُمْ وَيَعْرِفُوْنِي ثُمَّ يُحَالُ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَهُمْ
فأَقُوْلُ إِنَّهُمْ مِنِّي فَيُقَالُ إِنَّكَ لَا تَدْرِيْ مَا بَدَّلُوْا بَعْدَكَ
فَأَقُوْلُ سُحْقًا سُحْقًا لِمَنْ بَدَّلَ بَعْدِي
"I am your predecessor (forerunner) at the Lake-Fount, and whoever will pass by there, he will drink from it and whoever will drink from it, he will never be thirsty. There will come to me some people, whom I will recognize, and they will recognize me, but a barrier will be placed between me and them." 'I will say: They are of me (i.e. my followers). It will be said, 'You do not know what they innovated (new things) in the religion after you left'. I will say, 'Far removed, far removed (from mercy), those who changed (their religion) after me."
[NARRATED BY SAHL BIN SA’D AND ABU SAID AL-KHUDRI رضي الله عنهم, RECORDED IN MUSNAD AHMED, SAHEEH MUSLIM, SAHEEH BUKHARI 8:585]
5. The faces of the Bid’ati (Innovators) will be made black.
Ibn Abbas (ra) narrated in the commentary of Surah Al-Imran 3:106
يَوْمَ تَبْيَضُّ وُجُوْهٌ وَتَسْوَدُّ وُجُوْهٌ
“On the Day [some] faces will turn white and [some] faces will turn black.”
قَالَ : تَبْيَضُّ وُجُوْهُ أَهْلِ السُّنَّةِ وَتَسْوَدُّ وُجُوْهُ أَهْلِ الْبِدْعَةِ
He said, “The faces of the people of the Sunnah will be shining and the face of the people of Bid’ah will be made black.”
[RECORDED IN TAFSEER AL QURTUBI IN COMMENTARY OF 3:106]
1. The People of innovation, since they follow their own desires will be in of Hell.
The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم said,
كُلُّ بِدْعَةٍ ضَلَالَةٌ وَكُلُّ ضَلَالَةٍ فِي النَّارِ
“Ever innovation is misguidance and (the consequence of) every misguidance is the fire (of Hell)”
[NARRATED BY JAABIR IBN ABDULLAH رضي الله عنه AND RECORDED BY NASAI (BOOK OF THE TWO EIDS, CHAPTER ON ‘THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE KHUTBAH’)]
Every Bid’ah is deviation. Every Bid’ah is in Hell i.e. people who follow Bid’ah are in Hell.
Allah says in the Qur’an in Surah al Gashiyah 88:2-4
وُجُوهٌ يَوْمَئِذٍ خَاشِعَةٌ .
عَامِلَةٌ نَاصِبَةٌ .
تَصْلَى نَارًا حَامِيَةً
“[Some] faces, that Day, will be humbled,
Working [hard] and exhausted.
They will [enter to] burn in an intensely Hot Fire.”
Chapter 4. Classification of Bid’ah
[NOTE: ALL THE EXAMPLES MENTIONED BELOW ARE EXAMPLES OF BID’AH (INNOVATIONS). ALL OF THESE ACTIONS ARE NOT PROVEN FROM THE QUR’AN AND THE AUTHENTIC HADITH.]
1. Time زَمَان
[I.E. FIXING A PARTICULAR TIME / DAY / PERIOD WHICH HAS NOT BEEN FIXED IN THE QUR’AN AND THE SUNNAH FOR SOME DEED MAKES THAT DEED INTO A BID’AH]
E.g. - Performing Hajj in other than Dhil-Hijjah and
- Fasting the fasts of Ramadaan in other than Ramadaan.
- Fasting the fasts of Ramadaan in other than Ramadaan.
2. Place مَكَان
[I.E. FIXING A PARTICULAR PLACE WHICH HAS NOT BEEN FIXED IN THE QUR’AN AND THE SUNNAH FOR SOME DEED MAKES THAT DEED INTO A BID’AH]
E.g. - Tawaaf of other than the Kaba
- Sa’ee of other than Safa and Marwah
3. Quantity / Number مِقْدَار
[I.E. FIXING A PARTICULAR NUMBER WHICH HAS NOT BEEN FIXED IN THE QUR’AN AND THE SUNNAH FOR SOME DEED MAKES THAT DEED INTO A BID’AH]
E.g. - Fixing the number in Dhikr (Words of Remembrance of Allah) as 11. Offering Salah before and after the chanting (Wird).
- Increasing the number of Ruku and Sujood
- Fixing the number of Surahs in Tahajjud and in other Salahs.
4. Material جِنْس
[I.E. FIXING A PARTICULAR MATERIAL WHICH HAS NOT BEEN FIXED IN THE QUR’AN AND THE SUNNAH FOR SOME DEED MAKES THAT DEED INTO A BID’AH]
E.g. - Slaughtering a Horse on “Eid ul Azha”
- Throwing Shoes and large stones instead of small pebbles (on the Jamarah, in Hajj)
5. Condition (Manner) كَيْفِيَة
[I.E. ADOPTING A PARTICULAR MANNER WHICH HAS NOT BEEN FIXED IN THE QUR’AN AND THE SUNNAH FOR DOING SOME DEED MAKES THAT DEED INTO A BID’AH]
E.g. - The manner of performing Zikr and other actions by the Sufis
- Leaving backwards (without turning the back towards it) from tombs and graves, Masjid al Haraam and Masjid e Nabawi
6. Sequence تَرْتِيْب
[I.E. CHANGING THE SEQUENCE OF A PARTICULAR RIGHTEOUS DEED TURNS IT INTO A BID’AH]
E.g. - Reading the Darood on the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم before the Adhaan (rather than reading after it)
7. Cause سَبَب
[I.E. DOING THE ACTION DUE TO A CAUSE NOT PROVEN FROM THE QUR’AN AND THE AUTHENTIC HADITH MAKES THAT ACTION A BID’AH]
E.g. - Organising special Programs on the nights of 15th Shabaan and Me’raj (27th Rajab) due to the Fazeelat (as considered by people) of these nights.
- Doing special actions of Ibadah in the month of Rabi-ul Awwal due to the birth of Prophet Muhammed صلى الله عليه وسلم in it.
[MANY OF THESE ACTIONS ARE RIGHTEOUS DEEDS BUT THEY BECOME BID’AH WHEN THEIR TIME, PLACE, NUMBER, MATERIAL, CONDITION, SEQUENCE AND CAUSE IS FIXED BY PEOPLE WHEN ALLAH HAS NOT FIXED THEM IN THE QUR’AN NOR HAS THE PROPHET صلى الله عليه وسلم FIXED THEM IN THE SUNNAH. THIS CHANGES A RIGHTEOUS DEED INTO A BID’AH]
Chapter 5: Some Open Bid’ahs
All Bid’ahs are deviation. Yet, there are people who insist that there are some “good” Bid’ahs since they see some benefit in it. Here are a list of some open Bid’ahs which also have some benefit. We ask the people who talk about “good” Bid’ahs why we cannot accept these Bid’ahs also? Now it is for them to explain why we cannot accept these Bid’ahs. They may say, “It is not proven”. The same is our answer for all the Bid’ahs that they do.
1. Adhaan for the Eid Salaah
2. Offering Sunnah salah in congregation
3. At the end of Adhaan saying "Muhammadur Rasoolullah" after "La-ilaha Illal Allah"
4. Reading Surah Fatihah after Surah Fatihah
5. Kissing the ground in the Sajdah
6. Saying "As-salaatu was salaam ala khataman nabeeyeen" after "Aameen"
7. Imaam doing Qiraat in the Local language of the place where he is
8. Saying "Wa-Alaikum Assalaam" after people say "Salaam" in the Salah in congregation
9. Using soap while doing Wudhu
10. Spreading hands on the body of the neighbour after Duaa
[1] The Qur’an translation quoted is from the English translation by Saheeh International, available in print by Al-Qaasim Publishing House, also available on the internet atwww.islamsmessage.com
[2] All References from Saheeh Muslim are from the English translation by Abdul Hamid Siddiqi (4 volumes with continuous numbering) printed by Kitaab Bhavan also available on the internet at www.islamsmessage.com
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